Paul P Citron

US Patent:

7577470, Aug 18, 2009

Filed:

Nov 15, 2004

Appl. No.:

10/989038

Inventors:

Rajiv Shah - Palos Verdes CA, US
Rebecca K. Gottlieb - Culver City CA, US
Eric A. Grovender - Santa Monica CA, US
Shaun Pendo - Santa Maria CA, US
Paul Citron - New Brighton MN, US
William P. Van Antwerp - Valencia CA, US

Assignee:

Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. - Northridge CA

International Classification:

A61B 5/00

US Classification:

600345, 600347, 600365

Abstract:

A long term analyte sensor for measuring at least one analyte in the body of a user and which includes a housing, a plurality of analyte contacting sensor elements and at least one structure for relaying information away from the sensor. This plurality of analyte contacting sensor elements are typically disposed in an array. The analyte sensor further includes at least one sensor protection membrane that is controllable in a manner such that sensor elements may be activated (e. g. exposed to the external environment) at different times so as to extend the useful life of the sensor. In illustrative analyte sensors, the analyte is glucose.

US Patent:

8523773, Sep 3, 2013

Filed:

Jul 15, 2009

Appl. No.:

12/503753

Inventors:

Rajiv Shah - Rancho Palos Verdes CA, US
Rebecca K. Gottlieb - Culver City CA, US
Eric A. Grovender - Minneapolis MN, US
Shaun M. Pendo - Wofford Heights CA, US
Paul Citron - New Brighton MN, US
William P. Van Antwerp - Valencia CA, US

Assignee:

Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. - Northridge CA

International Classification:

A61B 5/00

US Classification:

600365, 600345, 600347

Abstract:

A long term analyte sensor for measuring at least one analyte in the body of a user and which includes a housing, a plurality of analyte contacting sensor elements and at least one structure for relaying information away from the sensor. This plurality of analyte contacting sensor elements are typically disposed in an array. The analyte sensor further includes at least one sensor protection membrane that is controllable in a manner such that sensor elements may be activated (e. g. exposed to the external environment) at different times so as to extend the useful life of the sensor. In illustrative analyte sensors, the analyte is glucose.

US Patent:

41878540, Feb 12, 1980

Filed:

Oct 17, 1977

Appl. No.:

5/842389

Inventors:

Dennis G. Hepp - Coon Rapids MN
Robert A. Neumann - Blaine MN
Paul Citron - New Brighton MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

A61N 136

US Classification:

128419PG

Abstract:

Cardiac monitoring and pacing apparatus comprising a first external unit for transmitting electromagnetic energy within the patient's body to be received by a second, surgically implanted unit within the patient's body and adapted to be solely powered by the transmitted electromagnetic energy. The first external unit transmits electromagnetic energy within the patient's body which is sensed and used to power the implanted unit, which stimulates, via pacing electrodes, the patient's heart. The internal unit also includes a monitoring circuit connected to the same pacing electrodes coupled to the patient's heart, for providing atrial and ventrical signals to be pulse-width modulated for transmission to the external unit. The external unit decodes the transmitted signals to provide diagnostic quality signals indicative of the patient's EKG.

US Patent:

41401310, Feb 20, 1979

Filed:

Nov 3, 1976

Appl. No.:

5/738298

Inventors:

Robert G. Dutcher - Columbia Heights MN
Paul Citron - New Brighton MN
Thomas L. Jirak - Plymouth MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

A61N 136

US Classification:

128419PT

Abstract:

Apparatus for stimulating body tissue and in particular the heart, is disclosed as including a device or circuit responsive to the initiation of stimulation and/or to the failure or pending failure of a component of the stimulating apparatus to provide the patient with a perceivable stimulation to a second, different portion of body tissue. There is disclosed an impedance level detector for sensing the impedance presented between the outputs of the stimulation apparatus to provide a warning signal indicating that the output impedance falls outside a predetermined range. In particular, the impedance level detector output is sensed by a stimulation control logic to apply a first train of pulses at a first rate to an auxiliary electrode for stimulating the second portion of tissue. Further, there is included a voltage level detector for sensing when the power source voltage depletes below a predetermined level, to actuate the stimulation control logic to provide a second train of warning pulses to the auxiliary electrode, at a second, different rate than that of the first train. In this fashion, the patient not only is warned as to the pending failure or failure of a component of his pacemaker, but also is able to identify the failing component.

US Patent:

44173067, Nov 22, 1983

Filed:

Jan 7, 1982

Appl. No.:

6/337991

Inventors:

Paul Citron - New Brighton MN
Dennis G. Hepp - Coon Rapids MN
Thomas L. Jirak - Plymouth MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

G06F 1542
A61B 504

US Classification:

364415

Abstract:

Apparatus for monitoring and storing heart activity signals is disclosed as including a data processor illustratively in the form of a digital microprocessor. The monitoring and storing apparatus comprises a memory comprising first and second pluralities of storage locations, a circuit operating in a real time frame for sampling at a regular rate the patient's heart activity and for storing such sample signals in corresponding locations of said first plurality, an the data processor for processing the signals stored in the first plurality and for storing the processed signals in selected locations of said second plurality. The storage of the signals in the second plurality is performed in a second computer time frame and at a rate faster than the real time sampling rate. A sampling clock provides a sampling clock signal to the sampling circuit whereby the samples of the patient's heart activity are taken. A second computer clock provides computer clock signals to at least a portion of the data processor whereby the processing of the heart activity is effected in the relatively fast computer time frame.

US Patent:

43643973, Dec 21, 1982

Filed:

Jan 23, 1980

Appl. No.:

6/114664

Inventors:

Paul Citron - New Brighton MN
Dennis G. Hepp - Coon Rapids MN
Thomas L. Jirak - Plymouth MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

A61N 504

US Classification:

128710

Abstract:

Apparatus is disclosed for monitoring and storing electrical signals in a manner to detect the intervals between heartbeats and to provide a manifestation of whether the corresponding heart signals have a regular heart rhythm or not. Such apparatus comprises a memory having at least first and second areas, a circuit for receiving and sampling the heart signals, and a circuit for temporarily storing the heart sample signals in the first area. Further, there is included a circuit for processing or evaluating the heart signals stored in the first area to determine the occurrences of the patient's heartbeat and for determining the intervals between adjacent heartbeats. The determined intervals are stored in the second area and are evaluated to determine whether the patient's heart activity occurs with a regular rhythm. The monitoring and storing apparatus is operative over a monitoring period comprised of a plurality of trend sample intervals. If the heart activity signals occur with a regular rhythm, various characteristics of the heart activity signals including the average rate, and the minimum and maximum rate of the heartbeat as occur within an interval may be stored within a corresponding location of said area of the memory.

US Patent:

39995577, Dec 28, 1976

Filed:

Jul 11, 1975

Appl. No.:

5/595001

Inventors:

Paul Citron - New Brighton MN
John M. Adams - Anoka MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

A61N 136

US Classification:

128419PG

Abstract:

A demand pacemaker having different standby and pacing rates and circuitry for selectively rendering the standby and pacing rates substantially identical. First and second capacitors control the standby and pacing rates, respectively, one capacitor being responsive to either a natural heartbeat or a pacemaker output pulse to alter the rate established by the other. In a preferred embodiment, the second capacitor is charged during a pacemaker output pulse and discharges through the first capacitor to decrease its charging time, the charging time of the first capacitor controlling the pacemaker output pulse frequency. Circuitry responsive to externally generated signals causes the second capacitor to charge during both a natural heartbeat or a pacemaker output pulse to render the pacemaker standby and pacing rates substantially identical. In this manner, the pacemaker of the present invention may be employed to monitor heart activity at a first, or standby, rate while providing a pacing function at a second, higher rate, on demand, until such time as the necessity for the pacing function is established with the standby rate then being modified to conform to the pacing rate.

US Patent:

51354675, Aug 4, 1992

Filed:

Dec 7, 1989

Appl. No.:

7/447493

Inventors:

Paul Citron - New Brighton MN

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

A61M 112

US Classification:

600 16

Abstract:

An implantable coronary perfusion assist system to divert blood from large arteries, such as the aorta, to small arteries, such as the coronary arteries where additional blood flow is needed. The assist system includes a shunt graft which is connected to the aorta or another convenient source of oxygenated blood at one end, and to the coronary artery or the atrium at its other end. A pump, preferably of the type employing a trained muscle wrapped around a fluid chamber is connected by a conduit to a bladder disposed in line with the graft, to assist in pumping of blood from the aorta to the coronary artery. The pump action is synchronized to the dastolic phase of the patient's cardiac cycle, and the coronary perfusion is accomplished without increasing the concentration of oxygen in the patient's body.