Systems and methods of determining DNS information, such as an IP address, associated with a domain name. The methods using a cache segregated to store various domain name system (DNS) data in different data structures. The data structures are configured for minimization of data retrieval times. In some embodiments, answer information is stored in a hash table. In these and other embodiments, times required to search for answers are essentially constant as a function of the number of labels comprising the domain name.